Petroleum's Sciences

Petroleum's Sciences

Introduction 

 Man discovered oil from time immemorial. We have oil was known to the residents of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Syria, India, Ethiopia, Greece, Russia, Italy and other countries and had different names, whereupon the Europeans name (Nftha) and Alsqalip (Rola), Romanians (Becora) and English (mineral oil) and Japanese (Skinoyo) and Chininon (Ige - U) and the ancient Greeks and Romans (Petroleum) resin rock and there is information from the extraction of oil in the peninsula Abshron when many authors Iranians and Arabs, like Jacob Elhamawy in the thirteenth century, Abdul Ghaffar Alhsogny the fourteenth century, and others have put the Arab geographer Almsaudy in 950 list Bmnaba oil Boukhanip Baku peninsula Abshron and six centuries BC, was living in Soravan Magi who worshiped the "eternal fire" resulting from ignition of natural gas associated with oil and out of the ground. 

 Oil was in ancient times used for lighting and as an Association and a buffer in construction and in-combat and others found in the ancient manuscripts of the physician Aligrivy Hippocrates and Roman Fitrovy a large number of prescription medications into oil in the composition was not the oil is extracted at that time in the modern sense, but he was collecting in places he left, Earth's surface. And emerged later with widespread use of oil drilling and extraction method used the extraction method Focal .. Etc.. And became petroleum products in recent years used in large quantities has set up industry, oil extraction and refining, industrial sector is known as self-owned equipment integrated continuously evolving as a result of the development of machinery industry, particularly the motor industry has become necessary to produce fuel and lubricants in large quantities and the primary source for this material is oil and There are currently no sector of the national economy does not use oil or its products. And became oil in recent years the use of an important new Valpetrol is now regarded crude used to produce fuel and oil only, but the base of a large industry in various forms is the petrochemical industry, which produces a huge amount of precious materials such as alcohols synthetic plastics and fabrics, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and others. 

Abstract from the extraction of oil

A depth of layers of oil in the wide limits of up to 5 - 6 thousand square meters and more oil in nature is always a companion water and gas in accordance with specific gravity Valgaz upper part is then followed by the oil and water below. And drill wells to extract oil from underground to the surface and conducted a preliminary exploration and research to identify where to drill wells, extracts oil from The aim of these operations is to study the installation of all rocks of the area being excavated, to examine the rock layer oil (capacity, porosity and permeability and saturation oil) and determine the area of the oil field and reserve approximate oil and gas. The most important methods of drilling is rotary drilling, drilling Trbeeni spin drill tool (ileum) intended (bit) in the rotary drilling with drill pipe of each column. With depth in the well fastened to the pipe working Drill pipe new column with the length of drill pipe at the end of drilling down to several kilometers and to separate the rock fragmentation by drill tool from the well is pumped through pipes to the bottom of the well drilling mud carrying a solution to the top of the rock surface.
In the case of drilling Trbeeni going ileum by turbo especially down to the bottom of the well and driven by the solution, mud pumps and in addition to drilling vertical can pit Trbeeni achieve drilling italic directed under the buildings and pools of water, and others, as well as drilling, off any drilling several wells from one site and this drill is very comfortable when you the exploitation of marine oil fields. 

Methods of production, petroleum  

Produce oil in three basic ways a way Fountain, the compression method or lift gas, and manner of pumping deep. Rising oil production in the case of Nafory (flowing) to the mouth of the well under the pressure of class by a combination Bear the high pressure pipe Mara fisheries where the gas separates from the oil then enters the oil later in the capacity of the Court. The method uses a fountain in the beginning of the production of the well when the pressure is sufficient class or by using special methods to maintain this pressure under the influence of water pressure or gas. In case of production pressure of the air down two columns of pipes in the well and push in the ring gap between the two air or gas is compressed and this air as it passed through a column of fluid mixture of oil and gas intensive, low up this mixture to the surface of the well under the pressure of the surface layer. In case of production pumps go down to the well by pipe pump drive oil to the surface of the well and run the pump using a column of the bus bars by machine weights riding on the roof of the well (unit bring the oil) and machine weights is a responsibility of oscillatory relation to one of the ends of a column bus bars, the other party Pitman mechanism operated by an electric motor.
In the recent period using electric submersible pumps down in the well by which the oil pipes up to the surface and the pump is operated by a motor directly to the subject of the well and fed with electricity by a special cable. Separated oil extracted from the well for natural gas associated with the fisheries in particular brings in tanks, where separable from the basic mass of water and Alqazhurat then in tanks Fields under the oil for the deposition and cleaning additional If the oil in the case of Asthlabp ie if it contains water can not be separated it passes through the clearing unit emulsifying. Are different ways to transport oil, a pressure in the pipelines and transport in tanks, railways, roads, river and marine Ousahm common transport tubes.